What are the Features of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Measuring Sensor? How Does It Work?

HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a resource that calculates the distance to the opposite object using sonar communication. The system we call sonar helps us calculate the distance of the object using sound waves.

HC - SR04 Ultrasonic distance sensor, almost all robotic projects a very popular sensor.

The principle of operation of the sensor is simple. When a signal is given from the TRIG pin, a sound wave with a frequency of 40 Khz is generated by the sensor, and when this sound wave hits an object and bounces back, the ECHO pin becomes active.

Since we know the speed of sound propagation in the air, you can easily calculate the distance between Dec by measuring the time until the ECHO pin is active after the signal given to the TRIG pin.

Details of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Measuring Sensor:

• Built-in STM8S103 high-performance processor
• Digital display
• Data can be output via the serial port
• Valid distance December: 3cm-400cm
• Display unit: cm
• The highest margin of error: About 1%
• Operating voltage: 5V

HC- SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor is a resource that calculates the distance to the opposite object using sonar communication. The system we call sonar helps us calculate the distance of the object using sound waves.

Dolphins and bats are the inspiration for such sensors. Dolphins and bats can also calculate the distances of obstacles that may come across by sending a sound wave.

There are 4 pins on the sensor. These are; vcc, gnd, trig, echo pins. To use the sensor, we send a pulse of about 10us from the trig pin. The sensor itself generates a signal at a frequency of 40khz and sends it to 8 pulse transmitting transducers.

Pins and Tasks of the HC-SR04 Sensor

• Vcc: 5V supply
• Gnd: Grounding
• Trig: The part of the sensor that sends a sound wave
• Echo: The part that receives the sent sound waves

The HC- SR04 Sensor operates with 5 V electric current. The distance it measures most efficiently is between 2- 400 Decimals. it is unable to make healthy measurements at distances greater than 400 cm.

This sensor is one of the most popular sensors used with Arduino in robotic projects.

The principle of operation is as follows;

The signal applied from the Trig pin of the sensor provides an ultrasonic sound propagation at a frequency of 40 kHz.

When this sound wave hits any object and returns to the sensor, the Echo pin becomes active.

For time-sensitive operations such as in this application, we need a code that uses Arduino's Timer interrupts.

If we measure the time without using a method such as timer interrupt, the result we will get will not be very efficient.

Characteristics of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Measuring Sensor

• The Current It Draws: 15 mA
• Working Voltage: DC 5V
• Operating Frequency: 40 Hz
• Visual Angle: 15 degrees
• Maximum Visual Range: 4 M
• Minimum Visual Range: 2 cm
• Trigger Leg Input Signal: 10 us TTL Pulse
• Echo Output Signal: Input TTL Signal and Distance Ratio
• Sizes: 45mm, 20mm, 15mm

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Measuring Sensor you can use it with peace of mind. Thanks to its quality and excellent structure, you can complete the installation without difficulty.